"Evaņģēlijs" ir vārds, kas nāk no grieķu val. vārda εὐαγγέλιον, kas nozīmē "labā vēsts". Šis vārds lietots Marka evaņģēlija pirmajā pantā.

Autors

Šīs grāmatas autors ir Marks, Palestīnas ebrejs (Ap.d. 12:12). Pašā evaņģēlijā autors gan nav nosaukts, bet Eusebijs, citējot Papiju, saka, ka Marks bija tulks, kad Pēteris mācīja. Tātad aiz Marka evaņģēlija satura ir apustulis Pēteris. Ciešā saikne starp Marku un Pēteri (1.Pēt. 5:13) pamanāma, ja tiek salīdzināts evaņģēlija saturs un Pētera sprediķis Apustuļu darbos 10:36-41.

Marka vārds Jaunajā Derībā parādās 8 reizes (Ap.d. 12:12.25; 13:5.13; 15:37-39; Kol. 4:10; 2.Tim. 4:11; Filemonam 23:24; 1.Pēt. 5:13). Jānis bija viņa ebreju vārds, un Marks bija viņa romiešu vārds (Ap.d. 12:12). Marks bija Marijas dēls, kurai bija māja Jeruzālemē, acīmredzot, pietiekami plaša ticīgo tikšanās vieta kristīgās draudzes sākuma dienās (Ap.d. 12.nod.)s. Marks bija Barnabas brāļa dēls (Kol. 4:10). Marks ir bijis Pāvila misijas līdzdalībnieks (Ap.d. 13:5), kas pēc neilga laika, mums nezināmu iemeslu dēļ, atteicās no misijas (Ap.d. 13:13; 15:37.38). Tomēr vēlāk viņš atkal bija ļoti noderīgs Pāvilam (2.Tim. 4:11).

Marka evaņģēlijs, kopā ar Mateja un Lūkas evaņģēlijiem, ir sinoptiskie evaņģēliji, kas nozīmē, ka saistoši ir jautājumi par šo evaņģēliju līdzību: vai evaņģēliju autori izmantoja viens otra uzrakstīto? Kurš kuru izmantoja? Parasti Marku uzlūko kā pirmo, kuru izmantojuši Matejs un Lūka. Bet to nezinām.

Sarakstīšanas vieta

Ja ar 1.Pēt. 5:13 minēto Babilonu ir domāta Roma, tad sarakstīšanas vieta varētu būt Roma.

Vēstules sarakstīšanas iemesls un nolūks

Primārā evaņģēlija auditorija, iespējams, bija cilvēki Romā. Uz to varētu norādīt gan 1.Pēt. 5:13 (ja Babilona nozīmē Romu), gan arī tas, kas, salīdzinot ar citiem evaņģēlijiem, tajā ir iekļauts un kas nav iekļauts. Piemēram, cittautiešiem varēja nebūt svarīga Jēzus ģenealoģija, kas ir Mateja ev. sākumā.

Marks arī interpretē aramiešu vārdus, kas nebūtu pazīstami Romā dzīvojošiem cittautiešiem (aramiešu vārdi tiek tulkoti):

Mk 3:17: "… un Jēkabu, Cebedeja dēlu, un Jāni, Jēkaba brāli, un tiem pielika vārdu Boanerges, tas ir, pērkona dēli …" (Boanerges - aramiešu val.)
Mr. 5:41: "Un Viņš satvēra bērna roku un saka uz to: "Talita, kūmi!" Tas ir tulkots: "Meitiņ, Es tev saku, celies augšā!""
Mr. 7:34: "… un skatījās uz debesīm, nopūtās un sacīja uz to: "Efata, tas ir: atveries.""
Mr. 15:22: "Un tie Viņu noveda Golgatā, kas tiek tulkots: pieres vieta."

Kāpēc evaņģēlija autors uzreiz nerakstīja tulkojumu aramiešu vārdiem? Iespējams, ka aramiešu izteicieni bija īpašā atmiņā par to, ko darīja Jēzus.

Kaut arī Marks rakstīja savu evaņģēliju grieķu valodā, viņš lieto vairākus latīņu terminus grieķu ekvivalentu vietā (kādi no tiem lietoti arī citos evaņģēlijos).

Tā kā aiz Marka kā evaņģēlija autora jeb uzrakstītāja ir Pēteris, pēc Papija liecības, tad tas palīdz saprast labāk tādas vietas kā Mr. 7:19b (sk. Ap.d. 10:9-17.28) un Mr. 16:7 (par Pēteri īpaši pieteikts - nav citos evaņģēlijos).

Marks daudz izmanto vārdu "tūlīt" (εὐθύς) 42x (atlikušajā JD vēl 12x, no kurām Mt. 5x, Lk. 1x). Marks arī daudz lieto tagadnes laiku, ko citi evaņģēliju autori dara mazāk. Iespējams, ka tā stāstītais (Pēteris to sludināja) tika paspilgtināts.

Īpaša uzmanība tiek pievērsta aicinājumam kļūt par mācekli (Mk. 8.-10.nod.). Visām 3 rakstvietām, kurās Jēzus runā par savām ciešanām, seko mācība par to, ko nozīmē būt Jēzus māceklim, proti, viņam ir jācieš. Sk. Mr. 8:31-38; 9:30-37; 10:32-45. Tieši šī iezīme, proti, ka sekošana Jēzum iekļauj ciešanas, - tieši tāpat, kā Jēzus cieta, - varētu būt viena no norādēm, kāds ir šī evaņģēlija vismaz viens no sarakstīšanas iemesliem, proti, iedrošināt kristiešus, kas cieš, izturēt ciešanās.

Mārtiņš Balodis

  • John the Baptist Prepares the Way

  • 1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
  • 2 As it is written in the Prophets: “Behold, I send My messenger before Your face, Who will prepare Your way before You.”
  • 3 “The voice of one crying in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord; Make His paths straight.’”
  • 4 John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching a baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.
  • 5 Then all the land of Judea, and those from Jerusalem, went out to him and were all baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins.
  • 6 Now John was clothed with camel’s hair and with a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey.
  • 7 And he preached, saying, “There comes One after me who is mightier than I, whose sandal strap I am not worthy to stoop down and loose.
  • 8 I indeed baptized you with water, but He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”

  • John Baptizes Jesus

  • 9 It came to pass in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan.
  • 10 And immediately, coming up from the water, He saw the heavens parting and the Spirit descending upon Him like a dove.
  • 11 Then a voice came from heaven, “You are My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.”

  • Satan Tempts Jesus

  • 12 Immediately the Spirit drove Him into the wilderness.
  • 13 And He was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan, and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered to Him.

  • Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry

  • 14 Now after John was put in prison, Jesus came to Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God,
  • 15 and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel.”

  • Four Fishermen Called as Disciples

  • 16 And as He walked by the Sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and Andrew his brother casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen.
  • 17 Then Jesus said to them, “Follow Me, and I will make you become fishers of men.”
  • 18 They immediately left their nets and followed Him.
  • 19 When He had gone a little farther from there, He saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, who also were in the boat mending their nets.
  • 20 And immediately He called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants, and went after Him.

  • Jesus Casts Out an Unclean Spirit

  • 21 Then they went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and taught.
  • 22 And they were astonished at His teaching, for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
  • 23 Now there was a man in their synagogue with an unclean spirit. And he cried out,
  • 24 saying, “Let us alone! What have we to do with You, Jesus of Nazareth? Did You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One of God!”
  • 25 But Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be quiet, and come out of him!”
  • 26 And when the unclean spirit had convulsed him and cried out with a loud voice, he came out of him.
  • 27 Then they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, “What is this? What new doctrine is this? For with authority He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him.”
  • 28 And immediately His fame spread throughout all the region around Galilee.

  • Peter’s Mother-in-Law Healed

  • 29 Now as soon as they had come out of the synagogue, they entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
  • 30 But Simon’s wife’s mother lay sick with a fever, and they told Him about her at once.
  • 31 So He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up, and immediately the fever left her. And she served them.

  • Many Healed After Sabbath Sunset

  • 32 At evening, when the sun had set, they brought to Him all who were sick and those who were demon-possessed.
  • 33 And the whole city was gathered together at the door.
  • 34 Then He healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons; and He did not allow the demons to speak, because they knew Him.

  • Preaching in Galilee

  • 35 Now in the morning, having risen a long while before daylight, He went out and departed to a solitary place; and there He prayed.
  • 36 And Simon and those who were with Him searched for Him.
  • 37 When they found Him, they said to Him, “Everyone is looking for You.”
  • 38 But He said to them, “Let us go into the next towns, that I may preach there also, because for this purpose I have come forth.”
  • 39 And He was preaching in their synagogues throughout all Galilee, and casting out demons.

  • Jesus Cleanses a Leper

  • 40 Now a leper came to Him, imploring Him, kneeling down to Him and saying to Him, “If You are willing, You can make me clean.”
  • 41 Then Jesus, moved with compassion, stretched out His hand and touched him, and said to him, “I am willing; be cleansed.”
  • 42 As soon as He had spoken, immediately the leprosy left him, and he was cleansed.
  • 43 And He strictly warned him and sent him away at once,
  • 44 and said to him, “See that you say nothing to anyone; but go your way, show yourself to the priest, and offer for your cleansing those things which Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.”
  • 45 However, he went out and began to proclaim it freely, and to spread the matter, so that Jesus could no longer openly enter the city, but was outside in deserted places; and they came to Him from every direction.