"Evaņģēlijs" ir vārds, kas nāk no grieķu val. vārda εὐαγγέλιον, kas nozīmē "labā vēsts". Šis vārds lietots Marka evaņģēlija pirmajā pantā.

Autors

Šīs grāmatas autors ir Marks, Palestīnas ebrejs (Ap.d. 12:12). Pašā evaņģēlijā autors gan nav nosaukts, bet Eusebijs, citējot Papiju, saka, ka Marks bija tulks, kad Pēteris mācīja. Tātad aiz Marka evaņģēlija satura ir apustulis Pēteris. Ciešā saikne starp Marku un Pēteri (1.Pēt. 5:13) pamanāma, ja tiek salīdzināts evaņģēlija saturs un Pētera sprediķis Apustuļu darbos 10:36-41.

Marka vārds Jaunajā Derībā parādās 8 reizes (Ap.d. 12:12.25; 13:5.13; 15:37-39; Kol. 4:10; 2.Tim. 4:11; Filemonam 23:24; 1.Pēt. 5:13). Jānis bija viņa ebreju vārds, un Marks bija viņa romiešu vārds (Ap.d. 12:12). Marks bija Marijas dēls, kurai bija māja Jeruzālemē, acīmredzot, pietiekami plaša ticīgo tikšanās vieta kristīgās draudzes sākuma dienās (Ap.d. 12.nod.)s. Marks bija Barnabas brāļa dēls (Kol. 4:10). Marks ir bijis Pāvila misijas līdzdalībnieks (Ap.d. 13:5), kas pēc neilga laika, mums nezināmu iemeslu dēļ, atteicās no misijas (Ap.d. 13:13; 15:37.38). Tomēr vēlāk viņš atkal bija ļoti noderīgs Pāvilam (2.Tim. 4:11).

Marka evaņģēlijs, kopā ar Mateja un Lūkas evaņģēlijiem, ir sinoptiskie evaņģēliji, kas nozīmē, ka saistoši ir jautājumi par šo evaņģēliju līdzību: vai evaņģēliju autori izmantoja viens otra uzrakstīto? Kurš kuru izmantoja? Parasti Marku uzlūko kā pirmo, kuru izmantojuši Matejs un Lūka. Bet to nezinām.

Sarakstīšanas vieta

Ja ar 1.Pēt. 5:13 minēto Babilonu ir domāta Roma, tad sarakstīšanas vieta varētu būt Roma.

Vēstules sarakstīšanas iemesls un nolūks

Primārā evaņģēlija auditorija, iespējams, bija cilvēki Romā. Uz to varētu norādīt gan 1.Pēt. 5:13 (ja Babilona nozīmē Romu), gan arī tas, kas, salīdzinot ar citiem evaņģēlijiem, tajā ir iekļauts un kas nav iekļauts. Piemēram, cittautiešiem varēja nebūt svarīga Jēzus ģenealoģija, kas ir Mateja ev. sākumā.

Marks arī interpretē aramiešu vārdus, kas nebūtu pazīstami Romā dzīvojošiem cittautiešiem (aramiešu vārdi tiek tulkoti):

Mk 3:17: "… un Jēkabu, Cebedeja dēlu, un Jāni, Jēkaba brāli, un tiem pielika vārdu Boanerges, tas ir, pērkona dēli …" (Boanerges - aramiešu val.)
Mr. 5:41: "Un Viņš satvēra bērna roku un saka uz to: "Talita, kūmi!" Tas ir tulkots: "Meitiņ, Es tev saku, celies augšā!""
Mr. 7:34: "… un skatījās uz debesīm, nopūtās un sacīja uz to: "Efata, tas ir: atveries.""
Mr. 15:22: "Un tie Viņu noveda Golgatā, kas tiek tulkots: pieres vieta."

Kāpēc evaņģēlija autors uzreiz nerakstīja tulkojumu aramiešu vārdiem? Iespējams, ka aramiešu izteicieni bija īpašā atmiņā par to, ko darīja Jēzus.

Kaut arī Marks rakstīja savu evaņģēliju grieķu valodā, viņš lieto vairākus latīņu terminus grieķu ekvivalentu vietā (kādi no tiem lietoti arī citos evaņģēlijos).

Tā kā aiz Marka kā evaņģēlija autora jeb uzrakstītāja ir Pēteris, pēc Papija liecības, tad tas palīdz saprast labāk tādas vietas kā Mr. 7:19b (sk. Ap.d. 10:9-17.28) un Mr. 16:7 (par Pēteri īpaši pieteikts - nav citos evaņģēlijos).

Marks daudz izmanto vārdu "tūlīt" (εὐθύς) 42x (atlikušajā JD vēl 12x, no kurām Mt. 5x, Lk. 1x). Marks arī daudz lieto tagadnes laiku, ko citi evaņģēliju autori dara mazāk. Iespējams, ka tā stāstītais (Pēteris to sludināja) tika paspilgtināts.

Īpaša uzmanība tiek pievērsta aicinājumam kļūt par mācekli (Mk. 8.-10.nod.). Visām 3 rakstvietām, kurās Jēzus runā par savām ciešanām, seko mācība par to, ko nozīmē būt Jēzus māceklim, proti, viņam ir jācieš. Sk. Mr. 8:31-38; 9:30-37; 10:32-45. Tieši šī iezīme, proti, ka sekošana Jēzum iekļauj ciešanas, - tieši tāpat, kā Jēzus cieta, - varētu būt viena no norādēm, kāds ir šī evaņģēlija vismaz viens no sarakstīšanas iemesliem, proti, iedrošināt kristiešus, kas cieš, izturēt ciešanās.

Mārtiņš Balodis

  • John the Baptist Prepares the Way

  • 1 The beginning of the good news about Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God,
  • 2 as it is written in Isaiah the prophet: “I will send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way”—
  • 3 “a voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for him.’”
  • 4 And so John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.
  • 5 The whole Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem went out to him. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.
  • 6 John wore clothing made of camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey.
  • 7 And this was his message: “After me comes the one more powerful than I, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie.
  • 8 I baptize you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”

  • The Baptism and Testing of Jesus

  • 9 At that time Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan.
  • 10 Just as Jesus was coming up out of the water, he saw heaven being torn open and the Spirit descending on him like a dove.
  • 11 And a voice came from heaven: “You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased.”
  • 12 At once the Spirit sent him out into the wilderness,
  • 13 and he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and angels attended him.

  • Jesus Announces the Good News

  • 14 After John was put in prison, Jesus went into Galilee, proclaiming the good news of God.
  • 15 “The time has come,” he said. “The kingdom of God has come near. Repent and believe the good news!”

  • Jesus Calls His First Disciples

  • 16 As Jesus walked beside the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and his brother Andrew casting a net into the lake, for they were fishermen.
  • 17 “Come, follow me,” Jesus said, “and I will send you out to fish for people.”
  • 18 At once they left their nets and followed him.
  • 19 When he had gone a little farther, he saw James son of Zebedee and his brother John in a boat, preparing their nets.
  • 20 Without delay he called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and followed him.

  • Jesus Drives Out an Impure Spirit

  • 21 They went to Capernaum, and when the Sabbath came, Jesus went into the synagogue and began to teach.
  • 22 The people were amazed at his teaching, because he taught them as one who had authority, not as the teachers of the law.
  • 23 Just then a man in their synagogue who was possessed by an impure spirit cried out,
  • 24 “What do you want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God!”
  • 25 “Be quiet!” said Jesus sternly. “Come out of him!”
  • 26 The impure spirit shook the man violently and came out of him with a shriek.
  • 27 The people were all so amazed that they asked each other, “What is this? A new teaching—and with authority! He even gives orders to impure spirits and they obey him.”
  • 28 News about him spread quickly over the whole region of Galilee.

  • Jesus Heals Many

  • 29 As soon as they left the synagogue, they went with James and John to the home of Simon and Andrew.
  • 30 Simon’s mother-in-law was in bed with a fever, and they immediately told Jesus about her.
  • 31 So he went to her, took her hand and helped her up. The fever left her and she began to wait on them.
  • 32 That evening after sunset the people brought to Jesus all the sick and demon-possessed.
  • 33 The whole town gathered at the door,
  • 34 and Jesus healed many who had various diseases. He also drove out many demons, but he would not let the demons speak because they knew who he was.

  • Jesus Prays in a Solitary Place

  • 35 Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, left the house and went off to a solitary place, where he prayed.
  • 36 Simon and his companions went to look for him,
  • 37 and when they found him, they exclaimed: “Everyone is looking for you!”
  • 38 Jesus replied, “Let us go somewhere else—to the nearby villages—so I can preach there also. That is why I have come.”
  • 39 So he traveled throughout Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and driving out demons.

  • Jesus Heals a Man With Leprosy

  • 40 A man with leprosy came to him and begged him on his knees, “If you are willing, you can make me clean.”
  • 41 Jesus was indignant. He reached out his hand and touched the man. “I am willing,” he said. “Be clean!”
  • 42 Immediately the leprosy left him and he was cleansed.
  • 43 Jesus sent him away at once with a strong warning:
  • 44 “See that you don’t tell this to anyone. But go, show yourself to the priest and offer the sacrifices that Moses commanded for your cleansing, as a testimony to them.”
  • 45 Instead he went out and began to talk freely, spreading the news. As a result, Jesus could no longer enter a town openly but stayed outside in lonely places. Yet the people still came to him from everywhere.