"Evaņģēlijs" ir vārds, kas nāk no grieķu val. vārda εὐαγγέλιον, kas nozīmē "labā vēsts". Šis vārds lietots Marka evaņģēlija pirmajā pantā.

Autors

Šīs grāmatas autors ir Marks, Palestīnas ebrejs (Ap.d. 12:12). Pašā evaņģēlijā autors gan nav nosaukts, bet Eusebijs, citējot Papiju, saka, ka Marks bija tulks, kad Pēteris mācīja. Tātad aiz Marka evaņģēlija satura ir apustulis Pēteris. Ciešā saikne starp Marku un Pēteri (1.Pēt. 5:13) pamanāma, ja tiek salīdzināts evaņģēlija saturs un Pētera sprediķis Apustuļu darbos 10:36-41.

Marka vārds Jaunajā Derībā parādās 8 reizes (Ap.d. 12:12.25; 13:5.13; 15:37-39; Kol. 4:10; 2.Tim. 4:11; Filemonam 23:24; 1.Pēt. 5:13). Jānis bija viņa ebreju vārds, un Marks bija viņa romiešu vārds (Ap.d. 12:12). Marks bija Marijas dēls, kurai bija māja Jeruzālemē, acīmredzot, pietiekami plaša ticīgo tikšanās vieta kristīgās draudzes sākuma dienās (Ap.d. 12.nod.)s. Marks bija Barnabas brāļa dēls (Kol. 4:10). Marks ir bijis Pāvila misijas līdzdalībnieks (Ap.d. 13:5), kas pēc neilga laika, mums nezināmu iemeslu dēļ, atteicās no misijas (Ap.d. 13:13; 15:37.38). Tomēr vēlāk viņš atkal bija ļoti noderīgs Pāvilam (2.Tim. 4:11).

Marka evaņģēlijs, kopā ar Mateja un Lūkas evaņģēlijiem, ir sinoptiskie evaņģēliji, kas nozīmē, ka saistoši ir jautājumi par šo evaņģēliju līdzību: vai evaņģēliju autori izmantoja viens otra uzrakstīto? Kurš kuru izmantoja? Parasti Marku uzlūko kā pirmo, kuru izmantojuši Matejs un Lūka. Bet to nezinām.

Sarakstīšanas vieta

Ja ar 1.Pēt. 5:13 minēto Babilonu ir domāta Roma, tad sarakstīšanas vieta varētu būt Roma.

Vēstules sarakstīšanas iemesls un nolūks

Primārā evaņģēlija auditorija, iespējams, bija cilvēki Romā. Uz to varētu norādīt gan 1.Pēt. 5:13 (ja Babilona nozīmē Romu), gan arī tas, kas, salīdzinot ar citiem evaņģēlijiem, tajā ir iekļauts un kas nav iekļauts. Piemēram, cittautiešiem varēja nebūt svarīga Jēzus ģenealoģija, kas ir Mateja ev. sākumā.

Marks arī interpretē aramiešu vārdus, kas nebūtu pazīstami Romā dzīvojošiem cittautiešiem (aramiešu vārdi tiek tulkoti):

Mk 3:17: "… un Jēkabu, Cebedeja dēlu, un Jāni, Jēkaba brāli, un tiem pielika vārdu Boanerges, tas ir, pērkona dēli …" (Boanerges - aramiešu val.)
Mr. 5:41: "Un Viņš satvēra bērna roku un saka uz to: "Talita, kūmi!" Tas ir tulkots: "Meitiņ, Es tev saku, celies augšā!""
Mr. 7:34: "… un skatījās uz debesīm, nopūtās un sacīja uz to: "Efata, tas ir: atveries.""
Mr. 15:22: "Un tie Viņu noveda Golgatā, kas tiek tulkots: pieres vieta."

Kāpēc evaņģēlija autors uzreiz nerakstīja tulkojumu aramiešu vārdiem? Iespējams, ka aramiešu izteicieni bija īpašā atmiņā par to, ko darīja Jēzus.

Kaut arī Marks rakstīja savu evaņģēliju grieķu valodā, viņš lieto vairākus latīņu terminus grieķu ekvivalentu vietā (kādi no tiem lietoti arī citos evaņģēlijos).

Tā kā aiz Marka kā evaņģēlija autora jeb uzrakstītāja ir Pēteris, pēc Papija liecības, tad tas palīdz saprast labāk tādas vietas kā Mr. 7:19b (sk. Ap.d. 10:9-17.28) un Mr. 16:7 (par Pēteri īpaši pieteikts - nav citos evaņģēlijos).

Marks daudz izmanto vārdu "tūlīt" (εὐθύς) 42x (atlikušajā JD vēl 12x, no kurām Mt. 5x, Lk. 1x). Marks arī daudz lieto tagadnes laiku, ko citi evaņģēliju autori dara mazāk. Iespējams, ka tā stāstītais (Pēteris to sludināja) tika paspilgtināts.

Īpaša uzmanība tiek pievērsta aicinājumam kļūt par mācekli (Mk. 8.-10.nod.). Visām 3 rakstvietām, kurās Jēzus runā par savām ciešanām, seko mācība par to, ko nozīmē būt Jēzus māceklim, proti, viņam ir jācieš. Sk. Mr. 8:31-38; 9:30-37; 10:32-45. Tieši šī iezīme, proti, ka sekošana Jēzum iekļauj ciešanas, - tieši tāpat, kā Jēzus cieta, - varētu būt viena no norādēm, kāds ir šī evaņģēlija vismaz viens no sarakstīšanas iemesliem, proti, iedrošināt kristiešus, kas cieš, izturēt ciešanās.

Mārtiņš Balodis

  • The Preaching of John the Baptist

  • 1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
  • 2 As it is written in Isaiah the prophet: “Behold, I send My messenger ahead of You, Who will prepare Your way;
  • 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness, ‘Make ready the way of the Lord, Make His paths straight.’”
  • 4 John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.
  • 5 And all the region of Judea was going out to him, and all the people of Jerusalem; and they were being baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins.
  • 6 And John was clothed with camel’s hair and wore a leather belt around his waist and was eating locusts and wild honey.
  • 7 And he was preaching, saying, “After me One is coming who is mightier than I, and I am not fit to stoop down and untie the strap of His sandals.
  • 8 I baptized you with water; but He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”

  • The Baptism of Jesus

  • 9 Now it happened that in those days Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan.
  • 10 And immediately coming up out of the water, He saw the heavens opening, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon Him;
  • 11 and a voice came out of the heavens: “You are My beloved Son, in You I am well-pleased.”
  • 12 And immediately the Spirit *drove Him to go out into the wilderness.
  • 13 And He was in the wilderness forty days being tempted by Satan; and He was with the wild beasts, and the angels were ministering to Him.

  • Jesus Preaches in Galilee

  • 14 Now after John had been delivered up into custody, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of God,
  • 15 and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.”
  • 16 As He was going along by the Sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and Andrew, the brother of Simon, casting a net in the sea; for they were fishermen.
  • 17 And Jesus said to them, “Follow Me, and I will make you become fishers of men.”
  • 18 And immediately they left their nets and followed Him.
  • 19 And going on a little farther, He saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, who were also in the boat mending the nets.
  • 20 And immediately He called them; and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants, and went away to follow Him.
  • 21 And they *went into Capernaum; and immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and began to teach.
  • 22 And they were astonished at His teaching; for He was teaching them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
  • 23 And immediately there was a man in their synagogue with an unclean spirit; and he cried out,
  • 24 saying, “What do we have to do with You, Jesus the Nazarene? Have You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One of God!”
  • 25 And Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be quiet, and come out of him!”
  • 26 And throwing him into convulsions, the unclean spirit cried out with a loud voice and came out of him.
  • 27 And they were all amazed, so that they were arguing among themselves, saying, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him.”
  • 28 And immediately the news about Him spread everywhere into all the surrounding district of Galilee.

  • Simon’s Mother-in-Law and Many Others Healed

  • 29 And immediately after they came out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
  • 30 Now Simon’s mother-in-law was lying sick with a fever; and immediately they *spoke to Jesus about her.
  • 31 And He came to her and raised her up, taking her by the hand, and the fever left her, and she began waiting on them.
  • 32 Now when evening came, after the sun had set, they began bringing to Him all who were ill and those who were demon-possessed.
  • 33 And the whole city had gathered at the door.
  • 34 And He healed many who were ill with various diseases, and cast out many demons; and He was not permitting the demons to speak, because they knew who He was.
  • 35 And in the early morning, while it was still dark, Jesus rose up, went out of the house, and went away to a desolate place, and was praying there.
  • 36 And Simon and his companions searched for Him;
  • 37 and they found Him, and *said to Him, “Everyone is looking for You.”
  • 38 And He *said to them, “Let us go elsewhere, to the towns nearby, so that I may preach there also; for that is what I came out for.”
  • 39 And He went, preaching in their synagogues throughout all Galilee and casting out the demons.
  • 40 And a leper *came to Jesus, pleading with Him and falling on his knees before Him, and saying, “If You are willing, You can make me clean.”
  • 41 And moved with compassion, He stretched out His hand and touched him, and *said to him, “I am willing; be cleansed.”
  • 42 And immediately the leprosy left him and he was cleansed.
  • 43 And He sternly warned him and immediately sent him away,
  • 44 and He *said to him, “See that you say nothing to anyone; but go, show yourself to the priest and offer for your cleansing what Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.”
  • 45 But he went out and began to proclaim it freely and to spread the news around, to such an extent that Jesus could no longer publicly enter a city, but stayed out in desolate areas; and they were coming to Him from everywhere.